|
|
Horizontální přenos genů rezistence mezi bakteriemi
Valach, Radek
Transfer of bacterial antibiotic resistence is highly discussed topic in past years. Its spreading is reason of creating super-resistant bacterial strains, that are resistant to a wide range of conventionally used drugs. Zinc oxide, used in pig farming as a feed supplement, has in recent years replaced antibiotics, given to prevent gastrointestinal disease and to promote growth. These substituent may increase transfer of genetic elements carying antibiotic resistence genes. This thesis is focussed on possible influence of zinc oxide and its nanoparts on Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the action of ZnO and ZnONPs would increase the transfer of a resistance gene plasmid between bacteria through the process of conjugation.
|
|
|
Antibiotic resistance in clinically important strains of Enterococcus spp.
Kozická, Barbora ; Petráčková, Denisa (advisor) ; Motlová, Lucia (referee)
The Enterococcus spp. is a common part of microflora in the digestive tract; it is used in the food industry and added to probiotics. However, in the last few decades it comes to the fore particularly as a cause of nosocomial diseases. Its importance grows with its increasing resistance to antibiotics. The Enterococcus is intrinsically resistant to many types of antibiotics. In addition to that it may acquire additional resistance determinants by mutations or horizontal gene transfer. This work focuses on the Enterococcus faecium and the Enterococcus faecalis intrinsic and acquired resistances, as these two strains have the major clinical importance. In this work, the most attention is dedicated to the antibiotics vancomycin and linezolid. For several decades, vancomycin was the last treatment option in the case of a failure of commonly used antibiotics. The fact that the resistance to this antibiotic was spreading rapidly became a significant problem in these cases of treatment. Hence the antibiotic linezolid was developed as a response to the growing resistance of gram-positive bacteria to available antibiotics. It is also proved to be effective against the vancomycin- resistant strains E. faecium and E. faecalis.
|
|
|
Testování antimikrobiální aktivity obalových materiálů s rostlinnými extrakty proti bakteriím rodu Enterococcus
Maňáková, Simona
This thesis deals with testing of antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils as part of packaging systems for foodpackaging against bacteria genus Enterococcus. The first literature part is focused on characteristic of genus Enterococcus and his possible apperace in food and his negative effect on human health. Next topic of literature section is targeted on using plants as producers of essential oils and their use in food industry as active compounds with antimicrobial and atifugal activity. This includes also characteristic of selected aromatic plants growing in our geographical conditions. Last part of literature section is introduction of characteristic of packaging materials and theirs big importance in food industry. Practical part of this thesis is dealing with testing of packaging materials containg essential oils on theirs surface against E. faecalis. Another part of this experiment is testing these antimicrobial packaging materials on selected foods in this case meat product following with microbiological analysis of selected bacteria.
|
|
|
Antibiotic resistance in clinically important strains of Enterococcus spp.
Kozická, Barbora ; Petráčková, Denisa (advisor) ; Motlová, Lucia (referee)
The Enterococcus spp. is a common part of microflora in the digestive tract; it is used in the food industry and added to probiotics. However, in the last few decades it comes to the fore particularly as a cause of nosocomial diseases. Its importance grows with its increasing resistance to antibiotics. The Enterococcus is intrinsically resistant to many types of antibiotics. In addition to that it may acquire additional resistance determinants by mutations or horizontal gene transfer. This work focuses on the Enterococcus faecium and the Enterococcus faecalis intrinsic and acquired resistances, as these two strains have the major clinical importance. In this work, the most attention is dedicated to the antibiotics vancomycin and linezolid. For several decades, vancomycin was the last treatment option in the case of a failure of commonly used antibiotics. The fact that the resistance to this antibiotic was spreading rapidly became a significant problem in these cases of treatment. Hence the antibiotic linezolid was developed as a response to the growing resistance of gram-positive bacteria to available antibiotics. It is also proved to be effective against the vancomycin- resistant strains E. faecium and E. faecalis.
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
